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Does Electrical Leakage Really Raise Your Bill — how to check with the meter, and who is responsible

A ground leak is current draining continuously into earth — it genuinely wastes power and genuinely endangers you. This page answers plainly how much it can add to the bill, how to check it yourself with the meter, how grounding differs from an earth-leakage breaker, and — once there is a leak — who has to fix it and pay. No guessed numbers.

8 min readLast updated: 23 Aug 2026Data as of: Aug 2026

Short answer: electrical leakage can genuinely raise the bill, because the current draining to earth is metered as units around the clock — but the risk that matters more than money is electric shock. The safe first check you can do yourself is to switch the main breaker off, unplug every appliance, then watch whether the meter still turns or still counts units — if it does, there is likely a leak somewhere, or a meter problem. On responsibility, the rule is "the utility owns up to and including the meter; everything after the meter into the house is the user's responsibility." Full detail below. (Voltage sag/surge damaging appliances is a separate topic — see the voltage sag/surge page.)

Does electrical leakage really make the bill higher?

Yes — because current leaking to earth or through degraded insulation still passes through the meter, so the meter counts it as units just like normal use. What is different is that it leaks continuously, even when you think nothing is running. The larger and longer the leak, the more the bill quietly swells.
To picture it as a number: a continuous leak behaves like a small bulb or device left on for 24 hours. The formula is watts × 24 h × 30 days ÷ 1,000 = units per month. The table below shows how many units a leak of a given wattage adds each month; to turn that into baht, multiply by your home's per-unit rate — the fully priced leak-cost table (and the wider "why is my bill high" triage) is on the abnormal-bill check page. (If you were wondering about a "public electricity / street-light" charge instead, that is a separate topic — read it here.)

Leak wattage → units per month (continuous 24 h leak)

Example leak / equivalentPower (W)Units/month
Small leak, damp insulation25~18
Moderate (old water heater/pump)50~36
Large, damaged wire / to-ground100~72

The unit figures are pure arithmetic from the formula above, not a reading from your home — a real leak may not be steady and usually comes with a shock risk that needs fixing fast, not just a cost concern.

How to check for leakage with the meter (breaker off — does it still turn?)

One principle: if nothing is drawing power, the meter must sit still. If it still counts units or its status light keeps blinking rapidly, current is flowing somewhere — a leak, or a device you forgot. Follow the 4 steps below to isolate it. Anything that means opening the panel or disturbing wiring — call a licensed electrician; do not risk it yourself.
  1. Turn off every sub-breaker + unplug everything

    Trip every sub-breaker down and unplug all appliances (don't forget silent loads — Wi-Fi box, fridge, water filter, water pump) so there is genuinely "no load".

  2. Watch the meter: it should be still

    A disc meter must stop spinning; a digital meter's status light (the pulse/kWh symbol) must stop blinking or blink very slowly, and the unit count must not move for 5–10 minutes. If you're unsure where to read the meter, see how to read your meter.

  3. Still counting? Switch circuits back one by one

    If the meter still counts with everything off, switch the sub-breakers back one at a time and note which one makes the meter run oddly or trips the earth-leakage breaker. That circuit is the suspect (e.g. the water-heater circuit, the water pump, or an outdoor socket exposed to rain).

  4. Confirm/fix via an electrician or the utility

    For a leak inside the house, have a licensed electrician measure it with a clamp/insulation meter and repair it. If you suspect the meter itself (whole house off but the meter still runs), ask the utility to test the meter on 1129 (PEA) / 1130 (MEA) — never open the meter yourself; it is utility property and sealed.

A leak and a high bill — who is responsible?

The responsibility line is the meter: the utility maintains its own equipment up to the meter (the service line into it and the meter itself), while after the meter into the house — wiring, panel, sockets, appliances — is the owner's/user's responsibility. So a leak in the internal system is the owner's to fix via an electrician, but if the fault is in the meter or on the utility side, report it for inspection.

Where it leaks → who is responsible → what to do

Where it leaksResponsibleWhat to do
House wiring/sockets/appliances (after the meter)Owner/userLicensed electrician to measure & fix
Meter / utility service line (up to the meter)Utility (PEA/MEA)Call 1129/1130 for inspection
Rental/dorm (system owned by landlord)Landlord (per lease)Notify landlord at once, keep proof
For rentals: the system after the meter usually belongs to the landlord, so fixing a structural leak is the landlord's duty. A tenant should report it in writing immediately because it is a safety matter. If you are being overcharged for electricity in a dorm, see your rights at rental/dorm electricity law.

How do grounding and an earth-leakage breaker protect you — and how do they differ?

The two work together but do different jobs: grounding (the earth wire) gives leaked current a safe path into the ground instead of through a person, while an earth-leakage breaker (RCD/RCBO) senses when the current out and back don't match (meaning a leak) and cuts power instantly — both MEA and PEA's SafeSaveThai recommend a home have a correct grounding system and an earth-leakage breaker.

Grounding: metal-bodied appliances (water heater, fridge, washing machine, microwave) should be earthed and use a 3-pin socket. If the internal insulation degrades and leaks to the casing, the earth wire carries it to ground and usually triggers the earth-leakage breaker — which is why MEA stresses "3-pin plugs". Correct earth connection and wire sizing is electrician's work; have a competent person do it to standard.

Earth-leakage breaker (RCD/RCBO/ELCB): ideal for water-prone circuits — water heater, bathroom, outdoor sockets. If it trips often in the rainy season, don't treat it as a nuisance — it is catching a leak for you; trace the cause on that circuit. Let an electrician design the rating and placement to the EIT/utility standard; don't guess the rating yourself.

Leakage is not "voltage sag/surge" — a different problem, a different page

The two get searched together but are not the same: leakage is current escaping a circuit that should be closed (wasted power + shock risk) — this page's topic. Voltage sag (low voltage) and surge (spikes/lightning) are about "voltage quality" that makes appliances misbehave or fail — a different cause and a different fix (e.g. a voltage stabiliser / surge strip). Read that separately at home voltage sag & surge — how to fix.

Who wrote this page

Compiled by the CapSolar team, a commercial solar provider in Thailand, and reviewed by Frank Lee (Founder). Safety guidance draws on MEA's electrical-safety library and PEA's SafeSaveThai, whose accessibility we verified as of Aug 2026. Where a specialist current/rating figure would be needed, we do not guess — we point you to a licensed electrician or the utility directly. Leakage is a life-safety issue, not merely a bill.

FAQ

It could be either. Damp weather does make degraded insulation leak more easily (the earth-leakage breaker often trips more this season), but people also use water heaters/dryers more in the rain. Run the leak check on this page first — if the meter sits still with everything off, it is likely usage behaviour, not a leak.

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